PAST PERFECT TENSE
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH (THÌ TIỀN QUÁ KHỨ)

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FORMS: (cách thành lập): to have + V3 (past participle)
KD: Sub + had + V3
PD: Sub + had + not + V3
NV: Had / sub + V3 ?



USE: (cách sữ dụng):
Mô tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ, nên trong câu thường có hai hành động: đối với cách sử dụng này thì câu thường đi với: by the time. + By the time I got home, my sister had already eaten her dinner. + She had visited her parents by the time I phoned her.
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành đi với mệnh đề chỉ thời gian: When …: Xét các ví dụ trong các câu sau: (a) When I arrived, she prepared the meal. (b) When I arrived, she was preparing the meal. (c) When I arrived, she had prepared the meal. (d) When I arrive, she will prepare the meal. ( Thì quá khứ hoàn thành đi với mệnh đề chỉ thời gian “When” dùng để nhấn mạnh một hành động đã hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ:
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành đi với Before, after và until / till: Before + Simple past, Past perfect. Before she went home, she had finished the exercises. After + Past perfect, Simple Past. After she had finished her exercises, she went home. Simple Past + until / till + Past Perfect They refused to go home till / until they had seen all my photos.
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành còn đóng vai trò của “Giả Định Cách” (SUBJUNCTIVE): A. Giả Định Cách Hoàn Thành (Past Perfect Subjunctive) diễn tả một hành động điều kiện không thật thuộc về quá khứ: If + Sub + had + V3, Sub + would + have + V3 Because I didn’t have free time, I didn’t go to the cinema last month. ( If I had had free time, I would have gone to the cinema last month. B. Giả Định Cách Hoàn Thành (Past Perfect Subjunctive) diễn tả một hành động ước muốn không thực thuộc về quá khứ: Sub1 + wish + (that) + Sub2 + had + V3 What a pity I didn’t phone him last night. ( I wish I had phoned him last night. C. Giả Định Cách Hoàn Thành (Past Subjunctive) diễn tả hành động giả định không thực thuộc về quá khứ: He told me the accident as if he had witnessed it.

TEST 1:
Direction: Supply the correct tense of the verb in parentheses.
By the time she (arrive) _______________ home last week, she (drop) _______________ in my house to have a chat.
____________ they (work) ____________ on the farm right now?
While they (dance) _______________ in the hall, the light (go) _______________ out. They (find / immediately) _______________ the lighter and some candles but there was not any of these things in the house. Luckily the lights (be) _______________ on again.
They (get) _______________ five certificates by the time they (graduate) _______________ from the university last year.
Peter (drink / usually) _______________ coffee with his breakfast, but this morning he (drink) ____________ tea instead.
When I finish my assignment, I (go) __________ to bed immediately.
If she (have) _____________ free time she (go) ____________ to the cinema.
By the time I (leave) home yesterday morning, I (phone) _______________ him that I would drive him to work.
They (wear / always) _______________ jeans but today they (wear) _______________ a suit.
They (have) _______________ lunch by the time they (go) _______________ to school yesterday.
Millions of years ago, dinosaurs (roam) _______________ the earth, but they (become) _______________ extinct by the time humankind first (appear) _______________
Last night I (turn) _______________ on the lights when I (arrive) _______________ home. I (smell) _______________ smoke in my flat. I wondered that someone (be) _______________ there.
By the time I (return) _______________ home last night, I (have) _______________ a party with my friends at a restaurant.
If I (be) _______________ free, I (take) _______________ a camping trip with my classmates. But I don’t have free time. I wish that I (have) _______________ free time.
I almost missed my plane. All of the passrngres (board / already) _______________ by the time I (get) _______________ there.
TEST 2:
Direction: Supply the correct tense of the verb in parentheses.
They (have / usually) _______________ lunch at 11 but today they (have) _______________ lunch at