FORMS OF VERBS
GERUND AS A SUBJECT: + Watching a live football match on TV is not so exciting. ( It is not exciting to watch a live football match on TV. + Reviewing the lessons at school takes me two hours a day. ( It takes me two hours to review the lessons at school.
GERUND AS AN OBJECT: A. AN OBJECT OF A VERB: + Conservation includes searching alternative fuels. + My father stopped smoking when he knew that it is harmful to his health. B. AN OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION: + Farmers can enrich their land by growing different crops. + His sister are interested in collecting stamps. + My son insisted on going out for a walk. C. A SUBJECT COMPLEMENT: + Seeing is believing. + His hobby is collecting stamps.
USING A POSSESSIVE TO MODIFY A GERUND. + I couldn’t understand his not wanting to go. + We are excited about Mary’s winning a scholarship. + Do you mind my smoking in your room? + We’re are looking forward to our parents’ arriving.
THE + GERUND + OF + NOUN: + The draining of swamps requires much labour and money. + The reclaiming of land requires draining swamps.
VERB + GERUND: admit advise anticipate appreciate avoid complete consider
Delay deny discuss dislike detest dislike endure
escape enjoy excuse face fancy feel like forgive finish forget imagine can’t help involve keep on
can’t bear can’t stand keep mention mind miss postpone
practice quit recall recollect recommend regret remember
resent resist risk stop suggest tolerate understand
GO + GERUNDS: go birdwatching go hiking go sightseeing go boating go hunting
go skating go bowling go jogging go skiing go camping
go mountain climbing go canoeing go running go swimming go dancing go sailing go fishing go shopping go window shopping
go sledding
VERB + INFINITIVE OR GERUND. Advise allow can’t bear begin continue forbid forget (*)
go on hate hear intend like love permit
prefer propose regret (*) remember (*) see start (*) stop (*) try (*) watch (*) See section 8 for more details.
VERB + INFINITIVE OR GERUND:
Với những động từ này có thể theo sau hoặc là infinitive hoặc là gerund nhưng ngữ nghĩa của câu bị thay đổi:
Remember regret go on stop
Forget try like
A. Judy always remembers to lock the door. Remember + full infinitive = nhớ để thực hiện một hành động một nhiệm vụ, nghĩa vụ hay công việc.
B. I remember seeing the Alps for the first time. The sight was impressive. Remember + gerunds = nhớ hay hồi tưởng lại những chuyện đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.
A. Sam often forgets to lock the door. Forget + full infinitive = quên thực hiện một hành động một nhiệm vụ, nghĩa vụ hay công việc.
B. I’ll never forget seeing the Alps for the first time. Forget + gerunds = quên chuyện gì đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.
A. I regret to tell you that you failed the test. Regret + full infinitive = lấy làm tiếc phải nói với ai hay thông báo với ai về một tin không lành.
B. I regret lending him some money. He never paid me back. Regret + gerunds = lấy là tiếc những gì đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.
A. I’m trying to learn English. Try + infinitive = tạo nên một cố gắng, một nổ lực để làm hay hoàn thành một chuyện gì.
B. The room was hot. I tried opening the window, but that didn’t help. So I tried turning on the fan, but I was still hot. Finally, I turned on the air conditioner. Try + gerunds = thử nghiệm với những cách mới hay hay có những cách tiếp cận khác để kiểm tra xem liệu có thể hoàn thành vấn đề hay không.
A. She stopped talking about her illness and went on to tell us about all, her other problems. Go on + full infinitive: khi muốn đề cập đến việc thay đổi hành động theo đề tài nói B. She went on talking about her illness until we all went to sleep. Go on + geunds: Khi muốn nói đến sự tiếp diễn của một hành động
A. When the car runs out of gasoline, we stop to fill the tank.